A comfortable indoor climate is crucial for our well-being and health. Humidity and air temperature play a central role in this. While the right combination of these factors provides a sense of comfort and satisfaction, an imbalance can lead to health problems and discomfort.
Basics of humidity
Relative humidity (RH): Relative humidity refers to the ratio of the current water vapor content of the air to the maximum water vapor capacity at a given temperature, expressed as a percentage. A relative humidity of 50% means that the air contains 50% of the maximum amount of water it can hold at the current temperature.
Absolute humidity: Absolute humidity indicates the actual amount of water vapor in the air, expressed in grams per cubic meter (g/m³). This unit of measurement is independent of temperature and gives an accurate idea of the amount of water in the air.
Dew point: The dew point is the temperature at which the air is saturated and the water vapor condenses into water. This value is important to avoid condensation problems that can lead to mold growth and material damage.
Basics of air temperature
Air temperature: Air temperature is a measure of the heat or cold of the air. It has a direct influence on our perception of heat and is crucial for well-being indoors.
Relationship between air temperature and humidity: Temperature affects the air's ability to hold moisture. Warm air can absorb more water vapor than cold air. Therefore, the relative humidity is usually lower at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures.
Influences on the perceived temperature: Factors such as air movement and surface temperatures influence our temperature perception. Air movement, for example, can create a cooler feeling, while warm surfaces increase the perceived temperature.
Ideal values for a comfortable indoor climate
In general, room temperatures between 17 and 24 °C are perceived as pleasant by the majority of people. Nevertheless, personal temperature perception varies from person to person, and age also plays an important role here. For example, toddlers and older people usually prefer a slightly warmer ambient temperature. In addition, the perception of temperature is strongly influenced by humidity. A room that looks comfortable at 20 °C and about 60% humidity can be perceived as unpleasantly damp at 80% humidity.
Everyone feels temperatures differently. As a guide, the relative humidity in living rooms should ideally be around 50%. Since the different rooms are heated differently depending on their use and the humidity in the kitchen and bathroom is usually higher than in the rest of the living areas, this ideal value can vary:
|
Space
|
Optimal humidity
|
Optimal temperature
|
|---|---|---|
|
Living room and study (office)
|
40 – 60 %
|
20 °C
|
|
Bedroom
|
40 – 60 %
|
16 – 18 °C
|
|
Nursery
|
40 – 60 %
|
20 – 22 °C
|
|
Kitchen
|
50 – 60 %
|
18 °C
|
|
Bathroom
|
50 – 70 %
|
23 °C
|
|
Cellar
|
50 – 65 %
|
10 – 15°C
|
In order to measure the room humidity quickly and precisely, the use of a hygrometer is recommended. The measurement should be carried out in well-ventilated and heated rooms in order to achieve meaningful results.
Factors influencing humidity and air temperature
Outdoor climate and seasons: The external weather conditions directly influence the indoor conditions. In winter, interiors tend to be drier, while in summer, higher humidity can prevail.
Building construction and insulation: Good insulation helps to keep indoor air temperature and humidity stable. Poor insulation can lead to moisture problems and heat loss.
Heating and cooling systems, ventilation technology: Efficient heating and cooling systems as well as good ventilation are crucial for controlling the indoor climate. Modern systems can automatically maintain the optimal combination of temperature and humidity.
Household activities: Activities such as cooking, showering, and washing create moisture and can affect the indoor climate.
Measurement and monitoring of humidity and temperature
Measuring devices: indoor thermometers determine the temperature, while hygrometers determine the relative humidity. In addition, there are a number of moisture measuring devices that reliably record not only humidity but also temperature.
Placement of measuring instruments: In order to obtain precise measurement results, measuring instruments should be placed in central and representative locations in the room, away from direct heat sources and draughts.
Smart home technologies: Modern smart home systems offer the ability to continuously monitor and adjust humidity and temperature. These technologies can help to ensure an optimal indoor climate.
Measures to optimise the indoor climate
Humidifiers and dehumidifiers: The use of humidifiers can help with air that is too dry, while dehumidifiers remove excess moisture.
Efficient use of heating and cooling systems: The systems should be regularly maintained and optimized in order to work efficiently and achieve the desired indoor climate.
Proper ventilation: Regular ventilation is important to let in fresh air and remove excess moisture. Shock ventilation is usually more effective than permanently tilted windows.
Use of plants: Houseplants can help regulate humidity as they absorb and release moisture.
Typical mistakes and how to avoid them
Errors when setting up measuring devices
- Awkward placement: Hygrometers and thermometers should not be placed in the immediate vicinity of radiators, air conditioners or windows, as this can lead to falsified readings. Instead, it is advisable to place the devices on an interior wall at about eye level, away from draughts and direct sunlight.
- Incorrect mounting height: The position of the measuring devices should be representative of the air area in which people are present. A height between 1.5 m and 2 m is usually ideal.
- Lack of calibration: Measuring instruments should be checked and calibrated regularly to ensure their accuracy. An uncalibrated device can provide misleading readings that can lead to incorrect conclusions.
Incorrect ventilation
- Permanently tilted windows: Permanent ventilation through tilted windows can lead to unnecessary heat loss in winter and increased penetration of outside moisture in summer. Instead, shock ventilation for 5-10 minutes is more effective.
- Avoidance of cross-ventilation: To ensure efficient air exchange, cross-ventilation should ideally be created, in which windows are opened on opposite sides of the room or apartment.
- Ventilation that is too infrequent: Especially in moisture-intensive rooms such as kitchens and bathrooms, care should be taken to ventilate regularly and sufficiently to prevent mould growth.
Overheating and underheating
- Temperatures that are too high: Overheated rooms can dry out the air and lead to an unpleasant indoor climate. An optimal room temperature of about 20-22°C ensures a pleasant climate.
- Temperatures that are too low: Rooms that are too cold can increase the relative humidity, which in turn can promote mold growth. Especially in bedrooms, a balance should be found to stay both cozy and healthy.
Neglect of indoor air quality
- No plants: Houseplants can have a positive influence on the indoor climate through their transpired moisture. Examples of suitable plants are bow hemp, lily and green lily.
- Excessive use of room humidifiers and dehumidifiers: These devices should be used with caution. Over-humidifying or dehumidifying the room can lead to health problems and material damage. It is advisable to check the humidity regularly and regulate the devices accordingly.
Air temperature and humidity indoors are decisive factors for a comfortable indoor climate. Regular review and adjustment of these conditions can help prevent health problems and increase living comfort. Use modern technologies and proven methods to ensure the optimal indoor climate and adapt your measures to seasonal and individual needs. A comfortable indoor climate is essential for our well-being. With this guide, you are well equipped to optimally design your living spaces and control the indoor climate according to your needs.
